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Other primary lithium systems In addition to Li-SOCl2 and Li-SO2 cells, various other types of primary lithium cells are available on the market, with different technical characteristics and areas of application.
Li-I2 cells exhibit outstanding performance (very low self-discharge rate, excellent reliability, very high hermeticity, etc.) but for a limited field of application, in particular for cardiac pacemakers.
Li-FeS2 cells are claimed to have a very low self-discharge rate and a very high pulse capability (up to 1.5 amps for AA size cells). They are designed for niche markets, such as camera flash systems.
Lithium-copper oxide and lithium-copper oxyphosphate cells were produced until the mid-1990s, when production was stopped. This technology is now used only to a very limited extent.
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